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/ 03 -- HUMANOID JOINTS

Humanoid Robotics Motion Platform

Humanoid robot OEMs requiring single-source supply for joint modules — combining hollow-shaft frameless motors, dual-encoder joint drivers, planetary-gearbox integrated joints, and linear actuators.

Single-source supply for humanoid robot joint modules. Hollow-shaft frameless torque motors, integrated planetary-gearbox joints, and dual-encoder joint drivers with EtherCAT/CANopen/CAN FD support. ≤1 µs multi-axis synchronization, 8/16 kHz control loops, ≤10 arcmin gearbox backlash. Kinco collaborates with 100+ humanoid robotics OEMs worldwide.

100+ OEM500K/yr≤1µs syncBiSS-C
Kinco frameless hollow-shaft torque motor and integrated planetary-gearbox joint for humanoid robot OEMs FIG.03 HUMANOID Frameless · BiSS-C 100+ OEMs
/ 01Application Overview

Where this recipe fits

Humanoid robotics manufacturers face a critical bottleneck at the joint module — the integration of motor, driver, and gearbox from fragmented supplier bases is time-consuming, expensive, and risks compatibility gaps. Kinco resolves this with in-house design and manufacturing of all three core components: hollow-shaft frameless torque motors, dual-encoder joint drivers, and planetary-gearbox integrated joints. Linear actuators for leg modules are also supplied with assembly service. This single-source approach has been adopted by 100+ humanoid robotics OEMs globally.

/ 02Control Requirements

What the system needs to do

Motor Design

  • Hollow-shaft frameless torque motors for rotating joints
  • Precision coiled winding for lower copper loss
  • Ultra-thin slot insulation, high-flux-density electrical steel
  • Torque ripple minimized to 0.5%–2%

Joint Driver

  • EtherCAT (CoE per CiA402 with CSP/CSV/CST modes), CANopen, CAN FD support
  • Distributed Clock with ≤1 µs multi-axis sync jitter
  • Control loops: 8 kHz position, 16 kHz velocity & current
  • Power density >97%, 3× rated torque overload
  • Optional integrated dual encoder with BiSS-C, SSI, Tamagawa

Gearbox & Encoder

  • Planetary gearbox with ≤10 arcmin backlash
  • Full grinding process for GB5 grade accuracy; gear skiving for GB6
  • Lower starting torque, 30K lower steady-state temperature rise
  • Encoder resolution 17–23 bits single-turn
  • Absolute angle accuracy ±5–±10 arcsec, repeatability ≤±1 arcsec, drift <0.1 arcsec/°C
/ 03Recommended BOM

Multi-brand component selection

The list below is a starting point. Final part numbers, quantities, and accessories are confirmed during RFQ based on motor power, I/O count, protocol, and certification scope.

Role Component Specification
MOTOR Kinco Hollow-Shaft Frameless Motor Per-joint sizing · 0.5–2% torque ripple
DRIVE Kinco Joint Driver EtherCAT/CANopen/CAN FD · ≤1µs sync · optional dual encoder
JOINT Kinco Integrated Planetary Joint ≤10 arcmin backlash · compact height with high ratio
ACTUATOR Kinco Linear Actuator (leg modules) Motor + full actuator assembly service
ENCODER Kinco Dual Encoder (option) BiSS-C / SSI / Tamagawa · 17–23 bit · ≤±1 arcsec repeat
SERVICE Kinco Joint Assembly Service Integrated motor+gearbox+driver+encoder testing & assembly

Reference comparison: vs fragmented supplier stacks (separate motor + drive + gearbox vendors).

Alternative selection reference only. Final compatibility must be verified by power rating, I/O count, protocol, software logic, cabinet layout, safety requirements, and local approval.

/ 04Selection Logic

How we size each component

  1. Joint sizing driven by required peak torque, continuous torque, range of motion, and ambient temperature.
  2. EtherCAT recommended over CANopen when multi-axis sync jitter must be ≤1µs.
  3. Dual-encoder option recommended for joints where output-side position must be verified independently of motor-side.
  4. Linear actuator assembly service available for OEMs avoiding in-house mechanical integration of legs.
/ 05Wiring & Protocol

Practical notes for cabinet build

  • EtherCAT topology with distributed clock enabled for multi-axis sync
  • Encoder cable shielded and routed separately from motor power
  • CAN FD baud rate selection depends on joint count and update period
  • BiSS-C / SSI encoders require dedicated cable specifications for stability at high RPM
/ 06Migration Considerations

Coming from a legacy brand

  • OEMs sourcing motor / drive / gearbox separately may need mechanical re-design for integrated joint envelope.
  • Existing motion control firmware referencing other-vendor encoder protocols may need adaptation.
  • Joint assembly service replaces in-house assembly line — supply chain integration affects QC sign-off process.
/ 07Fit Assessment

When to use this recipe — and when not to

Good fit

  • Humanoid robot OEMs scaling from prototype to volume production
  • Teams lacking in-house motor + gearbox engineering capability
  • Projects requiring sub-microsecond multi-axis synchronization

Not the right fit

  • Robots requiring proprietary actuator types not in Kinco's portfolio (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic muscles)
  • Applications where joint-level safety certification (PLe/SIL3) is required but Kinco joint driver doesn't yet carry that rating in the chosen variant — verify
  • Research projects requiring full firmware-level open source on joint drivers
/ 08Documents

Available technical documentation

The documents below can be shared during RFQ review. Some materials are subject to NDA depending on the manufacturer.

Kinco frameless motor specification (PDF, per torque class)
Kinco joint driver datasheet (PDF)
Planetary joint dimensional drawings (PDF, per ratio)
Joint assembly service catalog (PDF)
/ 09Source Attribution
Primary Supplier Kinco Kinco collaborates with 100+ humanoid robotics OEMs worldwide and operates dedicated manufacturing capacity producing 500K+ joint motors/joints annually (source: Kinco 人形机器人 newsletter). Technical specs (torque ripple, encoder accuracy, control-loop frequency) per Kinco's published technical materials.
/ 10FAQ

Questions about this recipe

How many humanoid robotics OEMs does Kinco currently support?

Per Kinco's 2026 published material, they collaborate with 100+ humanoid robotics companies worldwide (source: Kinco 人形机器人 newsletter). Specific OEM relationships and case studies are subject to NDA.

What's the manufacturing capacity for joint modules?

+
Kinco operates a dedicated facility producing 500K+ joint motors/joints annually (source: Kinco 人形机器人 newsletter). Capacity scaling is part of Kinco's published strategic roadmap.

What multi-axis synchronization accuracy is achievable?

+
Kinco's joint driver supports EtherCAT Distributed Clock with multi-axis synchronization jitter of ≤1 µs (source: Kinco published technical material). Actual achieved sync depends on full chain implementation (master, network topology, end-device clocks).

Need this solution? Submit a BOM request.

Send your application type, existing model numbers, voltage, I/O count, protocol, quantity, and target lead time. We respond with a practical BOM recommendation and quotation scope within one business day.